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<title>AssemblyScript</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">AssemblyScript</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">AssemblyScript</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Paradigms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Multi-paradigm_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-paradigm programming language">Multi-paradigm</a>: <a href="Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional</a>, <a href="Generic_programming" title="Generic programming">generic</a>, <a href="Imperative_programming" title="Imperative programming">imperative</a>, <a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>: <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>: <a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Software_design" title="Software design">Designed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Daniel Wirtz,<sup id="cite_ref-as-wg_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-as-wg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Max Graey<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data organiser">The AssemblyScript Project<sup id="cite_ref-as-wg_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-as-wg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appeared</th><td class="infobox-data">2017<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2017</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">0.28.3<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d01c7ee8c0baf42f8706d860a36b400f8538a3a6-v20_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d01c7ee8c0baf42f8706d860a36b400f8538a3a6-v20-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 

/ 12 July 2025<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">12 July 2025</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Type_system" title="Type system">Typing discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Type_system#Static_type_checking" title="Type system">Static</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Scope_(computer_science)" title="Scope (computer science)">Scope</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Scope_(computer_science)#Lexical_scope_vs._dynamic_scope" title="Scope (computer science)">Lexical</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache 2.0</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extensions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">

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</style><span class="monospaced">.ts</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="File_format" title="File format">File formats</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Text_file" title="Text file">text</a>, <a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> (source)<br><a href="WebAssembly#Code_representation" title="WebAssembly"><span class="monospaced">.wasm</span> binary format</a> (object)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblyscript.org">www<wbr>.assemblyscript<wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EEEEEE;">Major <a href="Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">implementations</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="monospaced">asc</span> (AssemblyScript compiler)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EEEEEE;">Influenced by</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, <a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a>, <a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>AssemblyScript</b> is a <a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a>-based <a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> that is optimized for, and statically <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compiled</a> to, <a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a> (currently using <span class="monospaced">asc</span>, the reference AssemblyScript compiler). Resembling <a href="ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a> and <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, but with static <a href="Data_type" title="Data type">data types</a>, the language is developed by the AssemblyScript Project<sup id="cite_ref-github_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-github-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with contributions from the AssemblyScript community.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>In 2017, the availability of support for <a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a>, a standard definition for a <a href="Low-level_programming_language" title="Low-level programming language">low-level</a> <a href="Bytecode" title="Bytecode">bytecode</a> and an associated <a href="Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</a>, became widespread among major <a href="Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a>, providing web programs a lower-level and potentially higher-performance compiling target for <a href="Client-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side">client-side</a> programs and applications to execute within web browsers, along with the <a href="Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreted</a> (and in practice <a href="Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">dynamically compiled</a>) <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> web scripting language.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WebAssembly allows programs and code to be <a href="Ahead-of-time_compilation" title="Ahead-of-time compilation">statically compiled</a> ahead of time in order to run at potentially native-level or <i><a href="Bare_machine" title="Bare machine">bare machine</a></i> (metal) performance within web browsers, without the overhead of interpretation or the initial latency of <a href="Dynamic_compilation" title="Dynamic compilation">dynamic compilation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>With the adoption of WebAssembly in major web browsers, Alon Zakai, creator of <a href="Emscripten" title="Emscripten">Emscripten</a>, an <a href="LLVM" title="LLVM">LLVM</a>–<a href="Clang" title="Clang">Clang</a>-based <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> and <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> compiler that targeted a subset of <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> named <a href="Asm.js" title="Asm.js">asm.js</a>, added support for WebAssembly as a compiling target in Emscripten, allowing C and/or C++ programs and code to be compiled directly to WebAssembly.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>While Emscripten and similar compilers allow writing new code, or <a href="Porting" title="Porting">porting</a> extant code, written in a <a href="High-level_programming_language" title="High-level programming language">high-level programming language</a> such as C, C++, <a href="Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a>, and <a href="Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a> to WebAssembly to achieve potentially higher, native-level execution performance in web browsers, this forces web developers accustomed to developing client-side web scripts and applications in ECMAScript–JavaScript (the <i>de facto</i> client-side programming language in web browsers) to use a different language to target WebAssembly than JavaScript. AssemblyScript, as a variant of TypeScript that is syntactically similar to JavaScript, allows developers accustomed to JavaScript to use a familiar language to target WebAssembly, potentially reducing the learning curve of a separate language that can be compiled to WebAssembly. Also, because AssemblyScript was designed to be an optimal source language for WebAssembly, the language's <a href="Type_system" title="Type system">type system</a> closely reflects that of WebAssembly,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the language provides standard low-level functions (typically implemented as <a href="Macro_(computer_science)#Assembly_language" title="Macro (computer science)">macros</a>) that map directly to WebAssembly instructions that mirror instructions available on modern processors such as <a href="Single_instruction%2C_multiple_data" title="Single instruction, multiple data">single instruction, multiple data</a> (SIMD) and <a href="Vector_processor" title="Vector processor">vector</a> instructions and more specialized instructions such as <code>clz</code> (count leading zero bits), <code>ctz</code> (count trailing zero bits), and <code>popcnt</code> (<a href="Hamming_weight" title="Hamming weight">population count</a>), used in applications such as encryption and cryptographic libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><span class="monospaced">asc</span>, the reference AssemblyScript compiler, is based on Binaryen , a back-end compiler <a href="Toolchain" title="Toolchain">toolchain</a> developed by Alon Zakai that compiles to WebAssembly and is a component of <a href="Emscripten" title="Emscripten">Emscripten</a> (which Zakai also developed). The <span class="monospaced">asc</span> compiler and other tooling are available via the <a href="Npm_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Npm (software)">npm</a> package manager.

</p><p>While WebAssembly was originally designed for execution within web browsers, the development of WASI (WebAssembly System Interface), a community specification for a standard <a href="API" title="API">API</a> that allows WebAssembly programs access to <a href="System_call" title="System call">system calls</a> and other <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> functions,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has led to the development of WebAssembly <a href="Runtime_system" title="Runtime system">runtime</a> environments from projects such as Wasmtime <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Wasmer <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that allow WebAssembly, and code written in languages such as AssemblyScript that can compile to it, to run in non-web environments as well.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compatibility_with_JavaScript">Compatibility with JavaScript</h2></div>

<p>AssemblyScript is compiled to WebAssembly modules, which can then be instantiated into client-side Web pages using standard JavaScript methods such as <code>WebAssembly.compileStreaming</code> and <code>WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming</code> just like standard WebAssembly binaries.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Data passing between JavaScript and the compiled WebAssembly modules, as well as function calls between JavaScript and WebAssembly, are then the same as for any WebAssembly module.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Because the AssemblyScript language is mostly a subset of TypeScript, it is theoretically possible to write an AssemblyScript program using this subset and compile it to both plain JavaScript and WebAssembly, using the TypeScript compiler and AssemblyScript compiler, respectively. This potentially allows <a href="Software_portability" title="Software portability">portable code</a> that can be used in either JavaScript or WebAssembly <a href="Runtime_system" title="Runtime system">runtime systems</a> (environments).

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<p>As of May 2025, more than 29,000 projects hosted on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> are written, either wholly or partly, in AssemblyScript,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with roughly 50,000 downloads of the AssemblyScript compiler per week via <a href="Npm_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Npm (software)">npm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 2021, <a href="Webpack" title="Webpack">Webpack</a> started using AssemblyScript to speed calculation of hash functions such as xxhash and md4 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/webpack/webpack/tree/main/assembly/hash">sources</a>. This also made it possible to remove native dependencies.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div>

<p>Lead Emscripten developer Alon Zakai has characterized AssemblyScript as being "designed with WebAssembly and code size in mind. It's not an existing language that we are using for a new purpose, but it's a language designed for WebAssembly. It has great <code>wasm-opt</code> integration—in fact, it's built with it—and it's very easy to get good code size."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Norwegian musician Peter Salomonsen, in a 2020 WebAssembly Summit talk titled, "WebAssembly Music," demonstrated the use of AssemblyScript for real-time compiling to WebAssembly in live electronic music synthesis, saying, "I chose AssemblyScript because it has high-level readability and low-level control; it's like a high-level language, but you get that low-level feeling, and you can even write direct WebAssembly intrinsics if you want to."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Aaron Turner, a senior engineer at <a href="Fastly" title="Fastly">Fastly</a>, a cloud computing services provider that uses WebAssembly for the company's Compute@Edge serverless compute environment, in a review of AssemblyScript wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>While AssemblyScript requires stricter typing than TypeScript does, it sticks as close as possible to TypeScript syntax and semantics—which means that most JavaScript developers will find AssemblyScript comfortable to use—and it enables great support for the modern JavaScript ecosystem. For instance, the AssemblyScript compiler is available on <span class="monospaced">npm</span>, as well as common AssemblyScript tools and libraries like <span class="monospaced">as-pect</span>. AssemblyScript files also use TypeScript's ‘<span class="monospaced">.ts</span>’ file extension, and it includes proper typings for allowing AssemblyScript to piggy-back on TypeScript tooling, such as the TypeScript linter. With the right small tweaks, AssemblyScript can even be used with the TypeScript compiler.

</p><p>This is useful, as AssemblyScript offers a low-overhead entry-point for JavaScript developers to pick up a language to output WebAssembly—both in terms of learning to read and write AssemblyScript, and using much extant tooling that may already be in a JavaScript developer's workflow. AssemblyScript is often referred to in the WebAssembly community as a great gateway to picking up WebAssembly. It offers a large group of developers who already write applications for the web a path to pick up and learn WebAssembly. Even if you are starting from scratch and are not particularly familiar with JavaScript or TypeScript, AssemblyScript is a solid choice when picking a language to start outputting WebAssembly.

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<p>However, Turner went on to cite the language's relative newness and thus its lack of some features available in larger, more complex and established programming languages as potential but temporary shortcomings of the language.

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<ul><li><a href="Emscripten" title="Emscripten">Emscripten</a></li>

<li><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li>

<li><a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li>

<li><a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/AssemblyScript/working-group">"AssemblyScript Working Group"</a>. <i>GitHub.com</i>. AssemblyScript Project. April 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Daniel Wirtz (@dcodeIO) - Author of AssemblyScript</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2019" class="citation web cs1">Turner, Aaron (March 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlL1nduatZQ">"WebAssembly for Javascript Developers"</a>. <i>YouTube.com</i>. WebAssembly SF<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>. <q>@dcodeIO [Daniel Wirtz] and @MaxGraey [Max Graey]—they're the main two developers of AssemblyScript</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/assemblyscript/v/0.1.0">"assemblyscript 0.1.0"</a>. <i>npmjs.com</i>. AssemblyScript Project. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-wikidata-d01c7ee8c0baf42f8706d860a36b400f8538a3a6-v20-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-d01c7ee8c0baf42f8706d860a36b400f8538a3a6-v20_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/AssemblyScript/assemblyscript/releases/tag/v0.28.3">"Release 0.28.3"</a>. July 12, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.assemblyscript.org/environment.html">"Environment"</a>. <i>AssemblyScript.org</i>. The AssemblyScript Project<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Wasmtime_Project" class="citation web cs1">The Wasmtime Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wasi.dev/">"WASI: The WebAssembly System Interface"</a>. <i>WASI.dev</i>. The Wasmtime Project<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Wasmtime_Project" class="citation web cs1">The Wasmtime Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wasmtime.dev/">"Wasmtime: A small and efficient runtime for WebAssembly & WASI"</a>. <i>Wasmtime.dev</i>. The Wasmtime Project<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWasmer,_Inc." class="citation web cs1">Wasmer, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wasmer.io/">"Wasmer: The Universal WebAssembly Runtime"</a>. <i>Wasmer.io</i>. Wasmer, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJaghori2023" class="citation thesis cs1">Jaghori, Sasan (August 1, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-fhcw:1-104668"><i>Efficient Serverless Computing with WebAssembly</i></a> (Master thesis). University of Applied Sciences Campus Vienna.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMozilla_Developer_Network" class="citation web cs1">Mozilla Developer Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/WebAssembly/Loading_and_running">"Loading and running WebAssembly code"</a>. <i>developer.mozilla.org</i>. Mozilla Developer Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMozilla_Developer_Network" class="citation web cs1">Mozilla Developer Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/WebAssembly/Using_the_JavaScript_API">"Using the WebAssembly JavaScript API"</a>. <i>developer.mozilla.org</i>. Mozilla Developer Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/AssemblyScript/assemblyscript/network/dependents?package_id=UGFja2FnZS0xODY0NzM4NQ%3D%3D">"AssemblyScript/assemblyscript Dependency graph"</a>. <i>GitHub.com</i>. <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ittutoria.net/resolve-error-in-typescript-object-is-possibly-undefined/">"Resolve Error In Typescript"</a>. June 3, 2022.</cite> Saturday, 7 May 2022</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAlon_Zakai2020" class="citation web cs1">Alon Zakai (February 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lLqZR4ufSI">"Shipping Tiny WebAssembly Builds"</a>. <i>YouTube.com</i>. WebAssembly-Summit.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Salomonsen2020" class="citation web cs1">Peter Salomonsen (February 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8j_ieOm4vE">"WebAssembly Music"</a>. <i>YouTube.com</i>. WebAssembly-Summit.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAaron_Turner2020" class="citation web cs1">Aaron Turner (October 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastly.com/blog/meet-assemblyscript-your-next-computing-language">"Meet AssemblyScript: your next computing language"</a>. <i>Fastly.com</i>. <a href="Fastly" title="Fastly">Fastly</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblyscript.org">Official website</a></span></span></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/AssemblyScript">AssemblyScript</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.assemblyscript.org/introduction.html">AssemblyScript documentation</a> (project page)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/assemblyscript">assemblyscript</a> (on <a href="Npm_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Npm (software)">npm</a>)</li></ul>

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</style><div id="JavaScript497" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Static_program_analysis" title="Static program analysis">Code analysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ESLint" title="ESLint">ESLint</a></li>

<li><a href="JSHint" title="JSHint">JSHint</a></li>

<li><a href="JSLint" title="JSLint">JSLint</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Subset" title="Subset">Supersets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ArkTS" title="ArkTS">ArkTS</a></li>

<li><a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Source-to-source_compiler" title="Source-to-source compiler">Transpilers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AtScript" title="AtScript">AtScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Babel_(transcompiler)" title="Babel (transcompiler)">Babel</a></li>

<li><a href="ClojureScript" class="mw-redirect" title="ClojureScript">ClojureScript</a></li>

<li><a href="CoffeeScript" title="CoffeeScript">CoffeeScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Emscripten" title="Emscripten">Emscripten</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Closure_Compiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Closure Compiler">Google Closure Compiler</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Web_Toolkit" title="Google Web Toolkit">Google Web Toolkit</a></li>

<li><a href="LiveScript_(programming_language)" title="LiveScript (programming language)">LiveScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Morfik" title="Morfik">Morfik</a></li>

<li><a href="PureScript" title="PureScript">PureScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Reason_(programming_language)" title="Reason (programming language)">Reason</a></li>

<li><a href="WebSharper" title="WebSharper">WebSharper</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="JavaScript_library" title="JavaScript library">JavaScript library</a></li>

<li><a href="JavaScript_syntax" title="JavaScript syntax">JavaScript syntax</a></li>

<li><a href="JavaScript_stack" title="JavaScript stack">JavaScript stack</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Debugger" title="Debugger">Debuggers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chrome_(browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrome (browser)">Chrome DevTools</a></li>

<li><a href="Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> Inspector</li>

<li><a href="Komodo_IDE" title="Komodo IDE">Komodo IDE</a></li>

<li><a href="Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a> Web Inspector</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Documentation_generator" title="Documentation generator">Documentation generators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="JSDoc" title="JSDoc">JSDoc</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Editors (<a href="Comparison_of_JavaScript-based_source_code_editors" title="Comparison of JavaScript-based source code editors">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cloud9_IDE" title="Cloud9 IDE">Cloud9 IDE</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="CodeMirror" title="CodeMirror">CodeMirror</a>

<ul><li><a href="Brackets_(text_editor)" title="Brackets (text editor)">Brackets</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_Table_(software)" title="Light Table (software)">Light Table</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="PhpStorm" class="mw-redirect" title="PhpStorm">PhpStorm</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Eclipse_projects#Top-level_sub-projects" title="List of Eclipse projects">Orion</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a>

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Visual_Studio_Express" title="Microsoft Visual Studio Express">Visual Studio Express</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Visual Studio Code</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_Studio#Azure_DevOps_Services" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio Team Services</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="JavaScript_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="JavaScript engine">Engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_ECMAScript_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ECMAScript engines">List of ECMAScript engines</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_JavaScript-based_web_frameworks" title="Comparison of JavaScript-based web frameworks">Comparison of JavaScript frameworks</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_JavaScript_libraries" title="List of JavaScript libraries">List of JavaScript libraries</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <a href="Technology" title="Technology">technologies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li>

<li><a href="Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a></li>

<li><a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li>

<li><a href="WebAuthn" title="WebAuthn">WebAuthn</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Package_manager" title="Package manager">Package managers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Module bundlers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Webpack" title="Webpack">Webpack</a></li>

<li><a href="Esbuild" title="Esbuild">esbuild</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Server-side_JavaScript" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side JavaScript">Server-side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Active_Server_Pages" title="Active Server Pages">Active Server Pages</a></li>

<li><a href="CommonJS" title="CommonJS">CommonJS</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Unit_testing" title="Unit testing">Unit testing</a> frameworks (<a href="List_of_unit_testing_frameworks#JavaScript" title="List of unit testing frameworks">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jasmine_(software)" title="Jasmine (software)">Jasmine</a></li>

<li><a href="Mocha_(JavaScript_framework)" title="Mocha (JavaScript framework)">Mocha</a></li>

<li><a href="QUnit" title="QUnit">QUnit</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Douglas_Crockford" title="Douglas Crockford">Douglas Crockford</a></li>

<li><a href="Brendan_Eich" title="Brendan Eich">Brendan Eich</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Resig" title="John Resig">John Resig</a></li>

<li><a href="Jesse_James_Garrett" title="Jesse James Garrett">Jesse James Garrett</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ECMAScript584" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="ECMAScript584" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</a>

<li><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>

<ul><li><a href="JavaScript_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="JavaScript engine">engines</a></li>

<li><a href="JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li>

<li><a href="JScript_.NET" title="JScript .NET">JScript .NET</a></li>

<li><a href="QtScript" title="QtScript">QtScript</a></li>

<li><a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li>

<li><a href="WMLScript" title="WMLScript">WMLScript</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_JavaScript_engines" title="List of JavaScript engines">Engines</a><br>(list)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Presto_(browser_engine)#ECMAScript_engines" title="Presto (browser engine)">Carakan</a></li>

<li><a href="Presto_(browser_engine)#ECMAScript_engines" title="Presto (browser engine)">Futhark</a></li>

<li>InScript</li>

<li><a href="WebKit#JavaScriptCore" title="WebKit">JavaScriptCore</a></li>

<li><a href="JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Presto_(browser_engine)#ECMAScript_engines" title="Presto (browser engine)">Linear B</a></li>

<li><a href="QtScript" title="QtScript">QtScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhino_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Rhino (JavaScript engine)">Rhino</a></li>

<li><a href="SpiderMonkey" title="SpiderMonkey">SpiderMonkey</a>

<ul><li><a href="SpiderMonkey#TraceMonkey" title="SpiderMonkey">TraceMonkey</a></li>

<li><a href="SpiderMonkey#JägerMonkey" title="SpiderMonkey">JägerMonkey</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tamarin_(software)" title="Tamarin (software)">Tamarin</a></li>

<li><a href="Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JavaScript engine)">ChakraCore</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chakra_(JScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JScript engine)">Chakra</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="JScript_.NET" title="JScript .NET">JScript .NET</a></li>

<li><a href="Nashorn_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Nashorn (JavaScript engine)">Nashorn</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_framework" title="Software framework">Frameworks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Client-side_JavaScript" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side JavaScript">Client-side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Google_Web_Toolkit" title="Google Web Toolkit">Google Web Toolkit</a></li>

<li><a href="JQuery" title="JQuery">jQuery</a></li>

<li><a href="Lively_Kernel" title="Lively Kernel">Lively Kernel</a></li>

<li>midori</li>

<li><a href="MochiKit" title="MochiKit">MochiKit</a></li>

<li><a href="MooTools" title="MooTools">MooTools</a></li>

<li><a href="Prototype_JavaScript_Framework" title="Prototype JavaScript Framework">Prototype</a></li>

<li><a href="Qooxdoo" title="Qooxdoo">qooxdoo</a></li>

<li><a href="SproutCore" title="SproutCore">SproutCore</a></li>

<li>Wakanda Framework</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Server-side_JavaScript" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side JavaScript">Server-side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Jaxer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaxer">Jaxer</a></li>

<li><a href="AppJet" title="AppJet">AppJet</a></li>

<li>WakandaDB</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Cappuccino</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="JavaScript_library" title="JavaScript library">Libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Backbone.js" title="Backbone.js">Backbone.js</a></li>

<li><a href="SWFObject" title="SWFObject">SWFObject</a></li>

<li><a href="Underscore.js" title="Underscore.js">Underscore.js</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Brendan_Eich" title="Brendan Eich">Brendan Eich</a></li>

<li><a href="Douglas_Crockford" title="Douglas Crockford">Douglas Crockford</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Resig" title="John Resig">John Resig</a></li>

<li>Scott Isaacs</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">DHTML</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma International</a></li>

<li><a href="JSDoc" title="JSDoc">JSDoc</a></li>

<li><a href="JSHint" title="JSHint">JSHint</a></li>

<li><a href="JSLint" title="JSLint">JSLint</a></li>

<li><a href="Sputnik_(JavaScript_conformance_test)" title="Sputnik (JavaScript conformance test)">Sputnik</a></li>

<li><a href="Browser_speed_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Browser speed test">SunSpider</a></li>

<li><a href="Asynchronous_module_definition" title="Asynchronous module definition">Asynchronous module definition</a></li>

<li><a href="CommonJS" title="CommonJS">CommonJS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <b>Lists</b>: <a href="List_of_JavaScript_libraries" title="List of JavaScript libraries">JavaScript libraries</a> • <a href="List_of_Ajax_frameworks#JavaScript" title="List of Ajax frameworks">Ajax frameworks</a> • <a href="List_of_server-side_JavaScript_implementations" title="List of server-side JavaScript implementations">Server-side JavaScript</a><br><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <b>Comparison</b>: <a href="Comparison_of_JavaScript-based_web_frameworks" title="Comparison of JavaScript-based web frameworks">JavaScript web frameworks</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Programming_languages625" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Programming_languages625" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_programming_languages" title="Comparison of programming languages">Comparison</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_programming_languages" title="Timeline of programming languages">Timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_programming_languages" title="History of programming languages">History</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a>

<ul><li><a href="Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">Assembly</a></li>

<li><a href="BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a>

<ul><li><a href="Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">classic</a></li>

<li><a href="COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a></li>

<li><a href="Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a>

<ul><li><a href="Elixir_(programming_language)" title="Elixir (programming language)">Elixir</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Forth_(programming_language)" title="Forth (programming language)">Forth</a></li>

<li><a href="Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a></li>

<li><a href="Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a></li>

<li><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a></li>

<li><a href="Kotlin_(programming_language)" title="Kotlin (programming language)">Kotlin</a></li>

<li><a href="MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="OCaml" title="OCaml">OCaml</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>

<ul><li><a href="Object_Pascal" title="Object Pascal">Object Pascal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Prolog" title="Prolog">Prolog</a></li>

<li><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></li>

<li><a href="Scratch_(programming_language)" title="Scratch (programming language)">Scratch</a></li>

<li><a href="Shell_script" title="Shell script">Shell</a></li>

<li><a href="Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></li>

<li><a href="Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <b>Lists:</b> <a href="List_of_programming_languages" title="List of programming languages">Alphabetical</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_programming_languages_by_type" title="List of programming languages by type">Categorical</a></li>

<li><a href="Generational_list_of_programming_languages" title="Generational list of programming languages">Generational</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-English-based_programming_languages" title="Non-English-based programming languages">Non-English-based</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-12" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=AssemblyScript&oldid=1295217128">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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